Git Fundamentals

Git is a distributed version control system used to track changes in source code during software development. Below are some fundamental Git concepts and commands:

1.`git init`

Thegit initcommand initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.

git init    # Initializes a new Git repository

2.`git clone`

Thegit clonecommand creates a copy of an existing repository.

git clone https://github.com/user/repository.git    # Clones a repository from GitHub

3.`git add`

Thegit addcommand stages changes for the next commit.

git add file.txt       # Stages a specific file for commit
    git add .                # Stages all changes in the current directory

4.`git commit`

Thegit commitcommand commits the staged changes to the repository with a descriptive message.

git commit -m "Commit message"    # Commits changes with a message

5.`git status`

Thegit statuscommand displays the status of changes in the working directory and staging area.

git status    # Shows which files are staged, unstaged, or untracked

6.`git log`

Thegit logcommand shows the commit history for the repository.

git log    # Displays a list of commits with their messages and details

7.`git diff`

Thegit diffcommand shows the differences between the working directory and the index, or between different commits.

git diff           # Shows changes between working directory and index
    git diff HEAD        # Shows changes between working directory and the last commit

8.`git branch`

Thegit branchcommand lists, creates, or deletes branches.

git branch               # Lists all branches
    git branch new-branch    # Creates a new branch

9.`git checkout`

Thegit checkoutcommand switches branches or restores working directory files.

git checkout branch-name   # Switches to the specified branch
    git checkout -b new-branch   # Creates and switches to a new branch

10.`git merge`

Thegit mergecommand merges changes from one branch into the current branch.

git merge branch-name   # Merges the specified branch into the current branch

11.`git pull`

Thegit pullcommand fetches changes from a remote repository and merges them into the current branch.

git pull    # Fetches and merges changes from the remote repository

12.`git push`

Thegit pushcommand uploads local commits to a remote repository.

git push    # Pushes commits to the remote repository

13.`git remote`

Thegit remotecommand manages remote repositories.

git remote -v    # Lists remote repositories
    git remote add origin https://github.com/user/repository.git   # Adds a new remote repository

14.`git reset`

Thegit resetcommand undoes changes by moving the HEAD pointer and optionally modifying the working directory.

git reset HEAD~1    # Resets to the previous commit
    git reset --hard HEAD~1   # Resets and discards changes in the working directory

15.`git revert`

Thegit revertcommand creates a new commit that undoes the changes from a previous commit.

git revert commit-id    # Reverts changes made by the specified commit